Typewriter punch



R. D. DODGE TYPEWRITER PUNCH Jan. 30, 1951 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec,2l, 1945 NVESTOR y ATTORNEY Jan. 30, 1951 R. D. DODGE 2,540,027

' TYPEWRITER PUNCH ldNV TOR Jan. 30, 1951 R. D. DODGE 2,540,027

TYPEWRITER PUNCH Filed Dec. 21, 1945 l0 Sheets-Shea?l I5 non w Z O OOOOOOOO OO OOO -I O OOOO OOO OO OOO O -2 C O OOO OO O OO O3 o oo oo o Doooo oo o ooo o Oo oo o O o o o oo oo o O O O OO OO OOO OO O -4 O C) OOOOO OOOO OO O -5 OOO OO OOO O OOO OOOOO 6 e g E J 0 E 6H J O O O O O OOOOO OO O OO O OO OO O OOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO/)O O OOOOOO 202 O O O O O OO 4- 00o 5- o A e@ 0o o NVENTOR ATTORNEY Y R. D. DODGE TYPEWRITER PUNCHJan. 30, 1951 1o sheets-sheet 4,

Filed Dec. 2l, 1945 ummm 1 VF TOR ATTORNEY A BY Jan. 30, 1951 R. D.DODGE 2,540,027

TYPEWRITER PUNCH Filed Dec. 2l, 1945 10 Sheets-Shes?I 5 TN EN TOR ATTORNE Y R. D. DODGE TYPEWRITER PUNCH Jan. 30, 1951 lO Sheets-Sheet 6Filed Dec. 2l, 1945 .w EN-ToH ATTORNEY @m n. Y .11.1.5.5 B EN zkbkl* u."xh kw ww .Dv vhl` uk Al@ vkwmx oktn. Qu GSR S -N y wuwx ol QN \|||L() ea o e l oo oo ooo A o ooex o o 1w .wl 000000000 00 0 0 0 0 0. 00 W ,h *leo o o o o o eo ooo IQ 00.00 .O 00.U000000000.0000000000000000000000.0000...00.0000000000000000. MI o o oo0 o oo o o9 ooooe o IM NI 000000000000000 00 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loowoooeo aeooooowo. I* L@ w 15.8% ox. .sm .E Mugnano: fait: L. /wuanttn. 9S w26 kxh s z m R. D. DODGE TYPEWRITER PUNCH Jan. 30, 1951 10Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Dec. 21, 1945 Il 4/.4 d eww /w w/ M, Il. 9 ..1' p.E n H 6 n al *a M f @a 3 ,O4 Y a P. /f/e 48@ M f /2 1 4&6 m 0 a Mw 0 R F9 0 a 4 5 m 2 Z rr.

TYFLCNK/TEE l T TOHNE Y Jan. so, 1951 R, D. DODGE 2,540,027

TYPEWRITER PUNCH Filed Dec. 21, 1945 10 Sheets-Shawl 8 ...w FIG. 1,0.

1200 O G O Q91@ FIG. 13.

INVENTCR ATTORNEY Jan. 30, 1951 R. D. DODGE TYPEWRITER PUNCH 10Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Dec. 2l, 1945 l/ NEQ S Jan. 30, 1951 R, D, DODGE2,540,027

TYPEWRITER PUNCH D 10 Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed Dec. 21, 1945 FIG. 14B.

'ATTORNEY l Patented Jan. 30, 1951 2,540,027 TY PEWRITER PUNCH Ronald D.Dodge, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., assignor to International Business MachinesCorporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation o! New York ApplicationDecember 21, 1945, Serial No. 636.524

Claims.

This invention relates to machines for producing record media suitablefor automatically controlling typewriting machines.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a machine forproducing designations on record media such as strips or tapes likethose capable of automatically controlling a typewriting or likeprinting machine.

An object is to provide an improved apparatus forproducing the controlstrips or tapes used in automatic typewriter systems.

An object is to provide a typewriter-controlled machine for producing arecord strip suitable for use in automatically controlling an automaticjustifying typewriter.

An object is to provide an improved machine for producing perforatedcontrol strips for automatic typewriters, particularly justifyingtypewriters.

An object is to provide a typewriter-controlled machine forautomatically measuring the amount of justification of each line ofdraft written on the controlling typewriter and automatically, by'meansof an initiating key, producing in a record medium, such as a strip ortape, designations representing the required amount of justification.

An object is to provide a machine of the above `mentioned types withmeans for nullifying the effect of an erroneously designated section orportion of the record medium whereby that section will be ineffectiveand skipped when the record medium is used in an automaticrecordcontrolled justifying system.

An object is to provide for the punching of the factors of'justification as separate succes.- sions of holes in which the'numbersof holes have a definite significance to enable a simple means ofsetting the justification computing f means of an automatic justifyingtypewriter to be used in such typewriter, thereby reducing its cost.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention andthe best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a vertical section approximately through the.center of, the typewriting machine.

Fig. 1A is a detail large scale view of the lugs on the selector bars.

Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view on a large scale of the permutation barmechanism in the typewriter.

Figz. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 3 in Fig.

Fig. 4 is a large scale yview of the shift mechanism in the typewriter.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the punch mechanism with the case partly insection.

Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the punch mechanism showing the punchselecting mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a vertical section on the line 1-1 in Fig. 5.

Figs. 8 is a vertical section on the line 8-8 in Fig.

Fig. 9 is a vertical section on the line 9-9 in Fig. 6.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of one of the stepping relays.

Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line lI--ll in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a vertical section on the line |2--I2 in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12A is a view similar to Fig. 12 but showing the cams for thesecond stepping relay.

Fig. 13 is a vertical section on the line |3-I3 in Fig. 10.

Figs. 14A and 14B together form a wiring diagram of the machine.

Fig. 15 is a plan view of the dial switch actuated by the typewritercarriage.

Fig. 16 is a large scale view of a section of the perforated tapeshowing the complete code perforated therein.

Fig. 17 is a vertical section on the line {1 -I1 in Fig. 5.

Fig. 18 is a vertical section on the line |8-l8 in Fig. 5.

Fig. 19 is a specimen of the tape showing the holes punched to representone complete line and the necessary justification holes.

Fig. 20 is a detail view of the space bar mechanism.

Fig. 21 is a schematic view illustrating the arrangement of theapparatus.

In the drawings the invention is shown as em ploying a typewriter of thetype disclosed in Patent No. 2,224,766 and a perforating machine ofthetype disclosed in Patent N0. 2,846,268.

' other suitable mechanisms and that the disclosure herein of a speciiedform of typewriter and specific form of perforating mechanism is not tobe construed as a limitation upon the appended claims.

Since the typewriter is fully disclosed in the above patent, thedescription which immediately follows will be general and limitedlargely to such modiiications in the machine as may be necessary torender it suitable for use in controlling a perforating mechanism topunch a tape which may be used in an automatic justifying machine.

The machine disclosed in the above patent is the well-known Electromaticpower operated typewriter which has been modified in the disclosure ofthe patent to incorporate a variable spacing mechanism which varies thespacingl of the characters printed accordingto their widths. Since thespacing mechanism is new well known only very brief mention oftheprincipal parts of importance herein will be given.

As shown in Fig. 1, the typewritim;r machine includes the usual typebasket having the type bars 2| pivoted at 22 on the slotted type segment23. Each type bar 2| is connected by a link 24 to a sub-lever 25 pivotedon a cross rod 26 which also pivots the keys 21 of the keyboard. Eachsub-lever is connected by a link 28 to a. cam unit'generally designated29 similar to the ones disclosed in the first mentioned patent. The camunits cooperate with the usual power roller and are opcrativey coupledthereto for operation thereby in a well-known way by means of the keys21. The cam units 29 are staggered and pivotally mounted on thecross-rods 3|. When a key 21 is depressed its associated cam unit 29 iscaused to be operated by the power roller 30 thereby drawing down thelinks 28 and operating the associated type bar 2| in a wellknown way.

The paper carriage 32 (Fig. 1) rotatably ,supports the platen 33, thepaper deector assembly 34, and paper bail 35, which are of usualconstruction and carried by the side plates 36 of the carriage.

Each type bar 2| (Fig. l) actuates the usual universal bar 31 which hasa connection to a link 38 for operating the horizontal slide 39. Thelatter actuates the escapements of the variable spacing mechanism,generally designated 40 in Fig. 1, Iin the manner described in PatentNo. 2,224,766. The escapenient mechanism includes a series of escapementselecting links 4| which may be pulled down singly or in dilferentcombinations to couple the escapements to theslide 39 as explained inPatent No. 2,224,766. These links 4| cause spacings of 2, 3, and 4 unitsof spacing, respectively, when operated singly and spacings of 5, 6, 7,and 9 units of spacing when operated in different combinations.

Each of the cam units 29 has an extension 29a (Fig. 1) connected by alink 42 to one of a series o1' selector bars 43 for selectivelyoperating the links 4| through three balls 44. For this purpose eachselector bar 43 has one or more lugs 43a in six positions designated Ato F in Fig. 1 of which the lugs B, D, F normally cooperate with thebails 44 as shown in Fig. 1 when the type basket is in lower case orelevated position. The

lugs 43a are disposed on the levers 43 as shown by the following table:

In the case oi the last eighteen keys given in the above table, theupper case character appears iirst. Thus, for the 1" key, the asteriskis the upper case character.

When the type basket 2U is in normal position, the spacing of carriage32 is controlled by one or more lugs 43a in the B, D, and F position asindicated in the next to the last column of the above table. Shiftingthe basket 20 to upper case position causes the balls 44 to be shiftedinto cooperation with lugs 43a in the A, C, and E positions to selectcarriage spacings as noted in the last column of the table. The mannerin which the bails 44 are shifted will be described hereinafter.

It is apparent that when any cam unit 29 is operated by roller 30 itpulls upward-l y on the link 42 and actuates one of the levers 43thereby rocking one or more of the baiis 44 in a counterclockwisedirection (Fig. 1). Each bail 44 is connected by a link 45 to theright-hand arm of a lcvei` 46, the left-hand arm of which is constructedsimllarly to therear ends of the levers |33 to |35 of Patent 2,224,766to provide a yielding connection of levers 43 at their left-hand ends tothe links 4|. Whenever one of the levers 43 is rocked counterclockwiseby the operation of a cam unit 29 one or more of the balls 44 will besimilarly rocked and, through the links 45, will rock the correspondinglevers 46 in a counterclockwise dlrection thereby pulling down one ormore of the links 4|, according to the number ofvbails oper-- ated,whichI o1' course will depend upon the positions in which lugs 43aappear on the operated lever 43.

It will be seen that fundamentally the mechnism just described functionsin substantially the same way as the mechanism disclosed in Patent No.2,224,766 to select one or more ofthe escapement mechanisms foxoperation to space the carriage 32 an extent depending upon the width ofthe character to be printed.

For the purpose of changing the selection of the escapements wheneverthe type basket is shifted downwardly to the upper case position, thebails 44 are pivoted at their ends to arms 41 (Figs. 1 and 4) -securedto a cross shaft 43. Also secured to the shaft 43 is an arm 49 connectedby a link 5I! to an arm 5I secured to the cross shaft 52 of the usualshift mechanism. This cross shaft is rotated counterclockwise wheneverthe type basket is shifted to upper case position through the medium ofshift mechanism of the well-known .form disclosed in Patent 1,945,097.This shift mechanism is operated by a cam unit 53 (Fig. 4) which iscontrolled by the shift key 54 pivoted on the cross rod 26. The cam unit53 is connected by a link 55 to a lever 56 forming part of the shiftmechanism. This lever 56 is pivoted tothe usual T-lever 51 which, in awell-known way, rotates the shaft 52 counterclockwise through the mediumof the lever 56 and link 59. Since the shift mechanism is well known, itwill not be described in further detail hereinafter. It is apparent fromthe foregoing description, when the type basket 2li is drawn downwardly(Fig. 4) by the operation of the shift mechanism arising from depressionof the key 54, the shaft 46 will be rocked clockwise and will shift thebails 44 from registration with the B, D, and F lugs 43a to registrationwith the A, C, and E lugs. This changes the combination of bails 44operated by the various levers 43 to effect different selections for theupper case characters.

' These spacings and the lugs which are effective for each key on thekeyboard are shown in the second column of the foregoing table.

For the purpose of selecting the punches of the perforating mechanism,the cam units 29 and 53 operate a permutation 'bar mechanism selectivelyactuating permutation contacts which establish circuits to the punchmagnets in a manner which will be described more fully hereinafter. 'Ihepermutation bar mechanism is shown in Figs. 1 to 4 but is most clearlyshown in Figs. 2 and 3, to which principal reference will be made. Thispermutation bar mechanism is mounted in the base of the machine just inthe rear, that is, to the left (Fig. 1), of the rear row of cam units 29and is operated by the levers 43. The permutation bar mechanism includesa pair of side plates 60 which are spaced apart at their right-hand endsby being secured to a block 6I fixed to the lower edge of the base 62 ofthe machine and at their left-hand ends by being secured to spaced ears63a formed in a plate 63 fixed to the exterior of the base 62, the basehaving a suitable opening to accommodate the plate 60 and lugs 63a.

The plates 60 support four cross rods 64 (Fig. 3) on which freely rotatethe rollers 65 which guide for horizontal movement six permutation bars66. Each permutation bar 66 is provided with a restoring spring 61 whichnormally holds the right-hand end of the permutation bar against a stop66 in the form of a cross bar secured to the plates 60. Each permutationbar 66 is formed with a lateral extension 66Ia, which extensions makevarious angles with the bodies of the bar so as to extend in fan-shapedarray toward the left (Fig. 2)to a point outside the base 62. The endsof these extensions 66a are provided with insulating buttons 66hcooperating with the permutation contacts PCI to PCB, the numbersdesignating the code positions 1 to 6 of the code (Fig. 16) which ispunched in the tape T. For example, the contacts PCI correspond to the lposition in the tape T while the contacts PC6 correspond to the 6position.

In order to selectively close the contacts PCI to PC6 singly and invarious combinations in accordance with the code in Fig. 16, thepermutation bars 66 are provided with the cam lugs 66e 1 (Fig. 3) whichcooperate with the selecting bars 43, these bars being formed withbeveled lugs 43h engaging lugs 66e (see Figs. l and 4, also). It isapparent that the rocking of the levers 43 in a counterclockwisedirection (Fig. 1) will cause one or more of the permutation bars 66 tobe cammed tothe left (Figs. 2 and 3) and close the contacts PCI to'PC6in various combinations depending upon the particular lever 43 operated.Thus, -when the "A key 31 is depressed, the top permutation bar and thesecond from the bottom (Fig. 2) or the extreme right-hand one and thesecond from the left (Figs. 1 and 4) will be actuated to close thecontacs PCI and PCB representing the code combinations of holes in the 1and 6 positions of the tape'Y T. As will be seen later, this will causethe tape T to be perforated in the 1 and 6 positions by the perforatingmechanism.

Pivotally mounted between the plates 60 is a short universal bar 69(Figs. 2 and 3) which is disposed in the path of movement of all of thepermutation bars 66. Also cooperating with universal bar 69 is a pin 10which is slidably mounted in a bracket 10a fixed to one of plates 60 andhas at its left-hand end an insulating pin engaging the common contactsCC. It is apparent that movement of any permutation barV 66 will causethe common contacts CC to be closed together with such of the contactsPCI to PCG as may be closed.

The shift cam unit `53 is provided with a link 42a (Fig. 4) and apermutation bar operating lever 1I having a Wide lug 1Ia normallycooperating with the permutation bars 66 corresponding to the contactsPC2, PC3, PC4, and PCG which, in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, are the four centralbars 66. The lever 1I is formed with an open slot 1lb (Fig. 4) whichhooks over the rod 3Ia on which the levers 43 are pivoted and the top ofthe slot is formed with two similar shallow depressions. Coiled aroundthe shaft 48 is a hair-pin spring 12 having its two downwardlyprojecting branches located on opposite sides of a pin 41a carried byone of the arms 41 and a pin 1lb carried by the lever 1I. With the typebasket 2IJ in the lower case position as in Fig. 4. the pin 41a tensionsspring 12 in a counterclockwise direction to hold the lever 1I in theposition there shown, with the left-hand depression astride the rod 3Ia,the left-hand vertical wall of slot 1lb acting asa stop to limitmovement of lever 1I to the right.

If the shift key 54 is depressed, the cam unit 53 quickly draws upwardlyon the link 42a (Fig. 4) and operates the lever 1I to cam thepermutation bars 66 corresponding to the contacts PC3 to PCG to the left(Figs. 2 and 3) to close these contacts and contacts CC. Thiscorresponds to the code combinations in Fig. 16 identified as Shift U.C. signifying shift to upper case. As will be seen later, this lcausesthe punch magnets corresponding to the "3" to "6" code positions to beselected and punch the code so identified in Fig. 16 in the tape T.

The cam unit 53 completes its first half-cycle of operation to actuatethe shift mechanism to shift the basket to upper case position andrestores to the position of Fig. 4i. However, the shifting of the typebasket to upper case position causes the shaft 48 and arms 4l to rockclockwise thereby causing the pin 01a to engage the lefthand branch ofspring l2 and tension the spring clockwise. Thus, when the cam unit 53restores, the spring l2, by engagement of the right branch thereof withthe pin lib, will thrust the lever li to the left until the right-handdepression is asti-ide the rod 3|a.

When the shift key 50 is released. the cam unit 53 will operate a secondtime as usual to shift the type basket 20 back to its lower caseposition. Before this takes place, however, the lever 1| will beoperated a second time and, in consequence of the fact that it has beenshifted to the left, will cause the four permutation bars at the extremelcft in Fig. 4 or the lower four in Fig. 2, to be actuated, therebyclosing the contacts PC2, PC3, P04, and PCS. As will be seen later, thiswill cause the code positions 4," and 6 to be punched as shown in Fig.i6 under the designation Shift L. C." signifying shaft to lower case.

The machine is provided with two shift keys like 54 of which the oneshown in Fig. 4 is the one usually at the left-hand side of the keyboardand is provided with the usual shift lock key 13.

Contact means is provided to measure the extent to which a typed line isshort of reaching the desired marginal position. This contact means isused to control the perforating mechanism to punch holes in the tape Twhich designate the number of spacing units which each typed line isshort of the desiredlength. This measuring means comprises a dial switchwhich is shown in Figs. 1 and 15. Suitably mounted on a xed part of themachine in the rear of the carriage 32 is an insulating plate 8|provided with an arcuate row of contact elements 02 with which coacts acontact wiper arm 83 secured to a gear 04. This gear 84 is rotatable ona stud 85 carried by the plat? 8| and meshes with a rack 8G secured to aplate 8l xed to a crossbar 88 carried by the carriage side plate 36. Itis clear that the spacing of the carriage in a letter spacing directioncauses the rack 86 to travel to the left (Fig. l5) and to rotate thecontact arm 03 in a clockwise direction. The contact elements 82 arespaced angularly with reference to the stud 85 at intervalscorresponding to one unit of spacing and there are 21 contacts 82. Whilethe arm 83 rotates throughout the travel of the carriage, the arm is sopositioned that, when the carriage is 21 units short of reaching thedesired marginal position, the arm 83 will more onto the contact 02 atthe extreme left in Fig. 15 and will arrive at the contact at theextreme right when the carriage arrives in the correct marginalvposition. That portionof the work sheet 21 units of spacing wide, andincluded between the two points just mentioned, will be termed thejustifying zone and in typing the preliminary draft copy on the machineshown in Fig. l, an effort will always be made by the typist to havecach line terminate within the justifying zone so that the arm "03 willbe restinf: on one of the contact elements 02 when the last character inVthe line is typed. Contact means are provided. as will be made clearhereinafter, whereby the arm 83 is made effective at the end of a lineand the repeated traversing of the contacts 82 by the arm 83 during thecourse of writing a line of copy, has no efiect on the electricalcircuits.

In Figs. 10 to 13 inclusive, one of the stepping relays is shown. Thereare two of these relays of which the operating coils are designated SRI,SR2 in Fig. 140. In Figs. 10 and 11, the second of these relays,actuated by the coll SR2, is shown as comprising a pressed metalframework generally designated |00 in which is rotatably mounted theratchet wheel |0| having 28 teeth with which cooperates a feed dog |02pivoted at |03a on the armature of magnet SR2. The armature |03 ispivoted on a bracket |04 secured to the yoke piece |05 of the magnet SR2which yoke piece is suitably mounted in the frame |00. Thus the dog |02in effect is universally pivotally mounted on the bracket |00 whereby itis capable of a. certain degree of both vertical and lateral vibration.At its free end there is attached aspring |06 anchored to a pin carriedby the frame |00. This spring |06 tends to pull the free end of the dog-|02 downwardly and towardthe right (Fig. l) which end holds the dog inengagement with the tooth in a ratchet I0| and with the bottom wall of aslot |00a in frame |00. The armature |03 is provided with a spring |01which, with spring |06, normally tends to hold the dog |02 away from thepole piece of the magnet SR2.

When the coil SR2 is energized, the free end of the dog |02 is raisedand at the same time is drawn to the right (Fig. l1) by the spring |06and caused to snap over the next succeeding tooth in a clockwisedirection (Fig. 11). When the magnet SR2 is deenergized, the springs|06, |01 coact to impart one tooth space rotation to the ratchet wheel|0|. The ratchet wheel |0| is provided with an aligning lever |00 urgedin a clockwise direction by a spring- |00 to engage a roller |08a on thelever |08 with a tooth space in the ratchet to align said ratchet in itssuccessive positions. The relation of slot |00a to the dog |02 is suchthat dog |02 is prevented from moving f-urther to the left or furtherdownwardly than shown in Fig. ll whereby any tendency o! the ratchet |0|to over rotate due to momentum is prevented.

The ratchet wheel |0| is secured to a short shaft |09 (Figs. 10 to l2)which is rotatable in a bushing ||0 riveted to the framework |00 and atthe opposite end of the shaft is secured to the cams l, 2. Fixed to theright-hand side of the cam is a wiper contact I |3 having the centralfinger ||3a and the outer finger ||3b. 'Ihe cams ||2- actuate contactsdesignated SRCI, SRC2. The nger ||3a engages a common contact button ||2mounted coaxially of the shaft |09 on an insulating plate ||5 spacedfrom the framework |00 by suitable posts ||6. The finger ||3b coactswith one of a series of 28 contact buttons arranged in the are of acircle (Fig. 13) concentric with the button ||4. Normally the finger||3b coacts with the button ||1 designated O in Figs. 13 and 14h onwhich it is centered by the aligning lever |00. It is apparent thatsuccessive energization of the magnet SR2 will cause the ratchet wheel|0| and consequently the finger ||3b and cams ||2 to be stepped in acounterclockwise direction.`

The stepping relay SRI is similarly constructed except that that it hasa 45 tooth ratchet and is provided only with cams Illa, ||2a (Fig. 12a)actuating contacts designated SRC3. SRCl.

Cams I||-, ||2 make one full revolution and cams Illa, I'I2a one-thirdof a revolution per lineof copy in a manner to be explained hereinafter.

The cam as shown in Fig. 12, is providedA with a short one-tooth dwellpositioned so that the contacts SRCI are normally open and closed withthe ilrst step of movement of the ratchet |I. The cam ||2 has a highpoint for approximately six teeth on the actuating ratchet and ispositioned so that the contacts SRC2 are normally closed and opened withthe rst step of movement o! the ratchet IOI. After 22 steps of movementof the ratchet |0I, the contacts SRC2 are reclosed. The cam |||a hasthree short dwells at intervals oi' 15 teeth and is normally in a.position with the contacts SRC3 open but these contacts are closed withthe first tooth space of movement oi' the ratchet actuated by the magnetSRI. The'cam ||2a has three short high points at intervals of teeth andis so positioned that the contacts SRC4 are normally closed but openedwith the rst step of movement of the ratchet and reclose with eachfifteenth step ,of movement.` Thus, it is necessary for the cams I I Ia,I I2a to rotate only a third of a -revoluspectively. These space barsare attached to key levers designated SBI, SB! in Fig. which control camunits |25, |26 (Fig. 20) similar to the cam units 29 which actuate thetype bars. The cam unit is provided with an extension I25a cooperatingwith the contacts WSCI, WSC2 (Fig. 1) so as to close said contactswhenever the cam unit |25 is rendered operative -by the'two units spacebar SBI. Cam units |25, |26 are connected by links |21, |20 (Fig. 20) totwo similar levers |29, |30 pivoted on the rod 26.- The cam units |25,|26 are located at opposite ends of the power roller 30 and the levers|29, |30 corresponding thereto are connected by links |29a, |30a to arms|3| secured to shafts |32 journaled in the framework. The shaft |3|, |32abut near the center of the machine at which point they are sepa- Irately provided with arms |33 located side by side.

Pivoted to the foremost of-the arms |33 in Fig. 20 is a slide |34, whilea second slide |35 is Apivoted to the rear arm |33. The slides |34,|35'are supported and guided by suitable slots thereon through whichpasses a shouldered stud |36 carried by the framework of the machine.The slide |34 has an extension |34a which projects upwardly and to therear of the dog |-3'I pvoted for vertical movement on the dog rockerpate |38 of the escapement mechanism which causes three units of spacingwhen rocked horizontaly as described'in Patent No. 2,224,766. Thecentral link 4| in Fig. 1 is pivoted at its upper end to dog |31 and maybe pulled down to couple dog |31 to the slide 39, as in said patent, forthe purpose of operating the three-unit escapement when characters areprnted. The slide |35 has a similar extension |35a behind the dogr |39for the vdog rocker plate |40 of the two-unit escapement.- Theextensions |35a are so shaped that they do not interfere with drawing ofthe dogs |31, |33 downwardly in selecting an escapement for operationwhen characters are printed.

When the two-unit space bar SBI is depressed by the typist, the cam unit|25 is rendered operative and, besides closing the contacts WSCI, WSC2,rocks clockwise the arm |20 thereby, through links l`29a, similarlyrocking the rearmost of the arms |3I, |33 and the corresponding shaft inthe same direction. This draws the slide |35 to the right (Fig. 20) and,through the extension I35a, actuates the dog |39 to the right therebyoperating the two-unit escapement mechanism which will cause thecarriage to be spaced two units. In a similar fashion depression of thethree-unit space bar SB2 will cause the slide |34 to be drawn to theright and operate the three-unit escapement by means of the extension|34a and the dog |31.

The carriage return key CRK (Fig. 1.) is provided with a solenoid CRStermed the carriage return solenoid which may be energized in a mannerhereinafter made clear to depress the carriage return key CRK and causea carriage return operation by means of the power carriage returnmechanism with which the typewriter is customarily provided. The camunit which is controlled by the carriage return key CRK also is providedwith an extension similar to the extension I25a in Fig. 1 which actuatesa similar pair of contacts designated CRCI, CRC2, in Fig. 14A to closesaid contacts whenever the carriage return cam unit is operated by thepower roller.

The cam unit |26, controlled by the three-unit space bar SB2, operatesthe permutation bar mechanism through a lever similar to levers 43 butthe carriage return cam unit does not operate the permutation barmechanism. As will be seen hereinafter, the punching of the codeperforations for carriage return, line space, and twounit space is underthe control of the contacts CRC2, WSC2, and by other means.

Tape perforatng unit The perforating apparatus is shown in Figs. 5 to 9and includes the punches 2I0 (Fig. 6) one for each of the six codepositions, and a die 2| I. The punches 2|0 are slidable in a punch guideblock 2I2, and are normally held in retracted positions by' means ofindividual springs 2|3 anchored to a bracket 2|4 secured to an uprightfront frame plate 2|5 (see Fig. 5 also). The punch guide block 2 I2 anddie 2| are also secured to the plate 2 5.

Each punch 2|0 is provided with a recess 2|0a (Fig. 6), into whichrecess is received one end of a punch actuating lever 2 'I having acentral oval opening 2|8. An individual punch lever 2I1 is provided foreach punch 2| 0. An elongated cam or eccentric 2 I 9 is carried by or,if desired, formed on a main shaft 220 which is suitably journaled inthe front plate 2 I 5 and the central frame plate' 22| (Fig. 5). Theeccentric 2I9 is disposed within the oval openings in the individualpunch operating levers 2|'I to support and oscillate the said levers.

Suitablydisposed stop rods 222, 223 (Figs. 5 and 6) are provided tomaintain proper alignment of the punch levers with punches 2|0. In

order to space the punch levers 2|1 properly,k

suitable spacing washers 224, 225 are provided on rod 222 and eccentric2|3, respectively, between the punch levers- 2I'I. In addition, the

is right-hand ends of the punch levers extend into slots formed in aguide comb 223 secured to front Plate 2|5.

Normally, during the rotation of the eccentric 2|9.,the punch levers areoscillated (Fig. 6) about 223 and 229. respectively, the latter alsobeing suitably secured to plate 2 I 5. Near the extremity of each arm221a, a latching shoulder 230 is provided which is disposed in alignmentwith, but normally held disengaged from, the end of one of the punchlevers, by means of related latching armatures 23| of one of the punchselecting magnets PM| to PMS. Each armature 23| is provided with ashouldered recess 233 which receives the tip of arm 221d of the relatedlatch lever 221 to latch the latter and hold the arm 221a out of thepath of the free end of the related punch lever.

The energization of each of magnets 232 causes the related armature 23|to be attracted releasing the coacting arm 221d and permitting therelated latch lever 221 to be swung in a clockwise direction (Fig. 6)under inuence of a spring 234, thereby positioning the shoulder 230 ofarm 221a underneath the end of the related punch lever 2|1.

It should be'mentioned at this time, that, in

the present embodiment of the invention, the

shaft 22|) carrying the eccentric 2|9, is operated in a start-stopmanner, and accordingly, provision is made whereby the latchlevers 221are moved to a position to latch the desired punch levers 2|1 at thestart of each cycle, before the rotated eccentric 2|9 oscillates thepunch levers. Thus, upon selective release of a latch lever 221 andsubsequent rotation of the eccentric 2|9, the corresponding punch lever2|1 is rocked counterclockwise by the eccentric (Fig. 6) about thepivotal connection formed by the shoulder 230 on the arm 221a of theselected latch lever 221 and the right-hand end of the punch lever, toforce the related punch element 2||i downwardly, thereby causing vtherecord medium, such as a tape T, interposed between the guide block 2|2and die 2| to be perforated.

Locking means are provided for holding the latch levers 221 in releasedposition and for preventing release of unreleased latch levers duringthe rotation of the eccentric 2|9. This means comprises a locking bail233 (Fig. 6) which is common to all latch levers 221, and which includesan arm 239 fixed to shaft 240. Shaft 240 is rotatably mounted in theplates 2|5 and 22| and has fixed thereto a spring urged cam follower arm24| (Figs. 5, 7, and 18) cooperating with a cam 242 secured to the mainshaft 220. Cam 242 is so shaped that normally, with the shaft 220 atrest, as in Fig. 6, the locking bail 238 is held out of the path of theend of arm 221a of each latch lever 221.

Early in the rotation of shaft 220, the follower arm 24| moves from thehigh portion of the cam 242 into the dwell to permit the locking bail238 to be raised (Fig. 6) and engage the ends of arms 221a of the latchlevers 221 and lock them in either normal or released position. Theraised position of locking bail 238 is maintained until 'l2 the tape Thas been perforated, whereupon the high portion of cam 242 again engagesthe cam follower arm 24| to restore the 233 bail to the position of Fig.6. The perforating unit is provided with a restoring bail 243 (Fig. 6)which includes an arm 244 fixed to a shaft 245 journaled in the saidplates 2| 5 and 22|. The shaft 24| has xed thereto a'spring urged camfollower arm 246 (Fig. 7) cooperating with a cam 241 secured to shaft220. The cam 241 is effective. during each cycle of rotation of shaft22|. to partially rotate the follower arm 24| and shaftf245 in acounterclockwise direction (Fig. 7) to cause the bail 243 to positivelyrock Athe latch levers 221 counterclockwise (Fig. 6) back to the normallatched position out of the path of the ends of the punch levers 2|1. Assoon as the latched punch levers 2|1 are released, the punches 2||I maybe withdrawn from the perforated tape T by the springs 2|3, the punchlevers 2|1 rotating on the eccentric 2| 9 as a pivot. It is evidentthat, to positively withdraw the punches from the tape T by means of theeccentric, it is merely necessary to prolong the period during which thepunch levers 2|1 are held in latched position by levers 221 and delaythe period in the cycle during which the bail 243 is operated to restorethe levers 221 to the position of Fig. 6.

Means is provided for positively restoring the armatures 23| of magnetsPM| to PMS to the normal position, shown in Fig. 6, at about the timebail 243 is operated to restore the latch levers 221. This meansincludes a bail 250 (Figs. 6 and 9) which is common to all of thearmatures 23| and is formed as an ofi'set part of an arm 25| secured toshaft 252, the latter being journaled in plates 2|5 and 22|. Shaft 252has fixed thereto a spring urged cam follower arm 253 (Fig. 7)cooperating with a cam 254 secured to shaft 220. This cam is effective,at about the same time cam 241 operates bail 243, to force bail 250 in acountcl-clockwise direction (Fig. 6) to move any of the attractedarmatures 23| back to the normal position, to engage and relatch thereleased arms 221d of the latch levers 221.

Suitable means for intermittently advancing the tape T is provided whichis operated near the end of each cycle of rotation of the shaft 220. Thetape T is drawn from a suitable supply roll 255 (Fig. 6) on a reel 256loosely mounted on a vertical stud 256a carried by plate 22|. From thesupply roll A255 the tape passes around a vertical roller 256i)supported by the main framework and then extends forwardly to a guideplate 251. This guide plate is secured to the front plate 2|5 and has asubstantially fiat tape guiding surface. At the top the guide plate 261is formed with a 45 guide surface 251a over which the tape T passestomake a bend downwardly over the left-hand surface of the plate 251, thelatter having a guide lug 2511). 'I'he plate 251 also has an opening(not shown) registering with a lug 258a in a tape feeler lever 253 andnormally the tape passes between the lug 25841 and the left-hand surfaceof the plate 251. This prevents the lever 258 from rocking clockwiseunder the tension of a spring 2581), it being understood that the tape Tis normally under a. certain degree of tension. From the plate 251, thetape T passes downwardly over a guide roller 259 and turns to the leftpast a tape guide lever 260 located just to the right of the punches2|6. From the tape guide member 260, the tape T passes to the leftbetween the die 2|| and punch guide block 2|2, over a sprocket wheel28|, and

under a guide post 262 to the reel 263. The sprocket wheel 26| isprovided with centrally located and equally spaced sprocket teeth 264engaging the centrally located feed `perforations 262 (Figs. and 16) inthe tape T. The usual arcuately shaped guide 266 is provided to hold thetape T against the sprocket wheel.

Sprocket wheel 26| is fixed to shaft 261 (Figs. 5 and 6) journaled inplates 2I5 and 22|. 'I'he shaft 261 has secured thereto a'ratchet wheel266 (Fig. '7) which is rotated step-by-step by a spring urgedcooperating pawl 269 pivoted on a cam follower arm 210. The latter ispivotally mounted on a plate 2|'5 and urged against akcam -21| by spring212. Near the end of each cycle of shaft 226, the high point of cam 21|moves the cam follower arm 21|) and pawl 269 to the left, or clockwise,as viewed in Fig. 1, to advance the ratchet wheel 268 and the sprocketwheel 26| one tooth space.

A fixed plate 213 (Fig. '1) secured to plate 2|5 is provided with a camsurface 214 which is engaged by the end of pawl 269 to prevent anoverthrow of the ratchet wheel 266. The usual spring urged detent arm215 is provided and cooperates with a detent wheel 216 fixed to shaft261 for maintaining the said shaft 261, ratchet wheel 26| and sprocketwheel 26| in the advanced position.

In order to facilitate tape insertion and removal operations, the tapeguide 266 (Figs. 5 and 6) is secured to one arm of a lever 211 pivotallymounted on plate 2|5, which arm is pivotally connected to one end oflink 221a. 'I'he other end of link 221a is joined by a pin and slotconnec- ,tion to the'pivotally mounted and spring urged tape guidemember 26|). Thus, whenever the guide 266 is manually moved away fromsprocket 261, the guide member 260 is also partially rotated in acouterclockwise direction by lever 211 and link 211a (Fig. 6), so thatthe tape may be easily inserted.

'Ihe operation of the mechanism so far described will now be reviewed.

At the start of each cycle of rotation of shaft 220, the latch levers221 will have been selectively released in any desired combination byselective energization of the related magnets PMI to PM6 (Fig. 6) tolatch the free ends of the related punch levers 2|1. Next, the lockingbail 238 is operated by cam 241 to engage and lock the displaced latchlevers 221 in/a latched position and to prevent rel .ase of theremaining latch levers during this cycle.

Eccentric 2I9 is then effective to oscillate the latched levers 2|1,causing the -connected punches '2||I to be operated to perforate thetape T, in

accordance with the selected code combination, while the tape is at restat the punching station, the code being shown in Fig. 16. After thepunching operation, the locking bail 238 is restored to its normalposition and the bails 243 and 250 are rend-red operative to restore thelatch levers 221 and armatures 23|, respectively, to their normalpositions, thereby releasing the latched ends of the operated punchlevers 2|1 and permitting the punches to be withdrawn from the tape. Thetape feeding mechanism is then rendered operative, near the end of thecycle, to advance the tape one step, thus presenting a fresh portion ofthe tape to the punches.

The centrally located feed pzrforations 2||2l are not originallyprovided in the tape TV but are made during each punching operation. For

-this purpose a special latch lever 216 (Fig. 5) is provided, which issimilar to levers 221 but locking arm 221d and pivotally mounted on studshaft 228 in related slots in theguide combs 226 and 229. 'I'he resetbail 243 is provided with a r-cess opposite lever 216 so that, duringthe resetting of latch levers 221, the said special latch lever 218 isnot engaged by said bail and accordingly no release of the associatedpunch lever 2|1 is effected during the resetting operations and, afterperforation of the tape, the associated punch element is positivelywithdrawn from the tape under the influence of the eccentric 2|9. Sincethe punch lever 2|1 is always latched, a pivotal connection is formed atthe end of the punch lever latched by lever 21-8 by the shoulder 238in-lever 216 and the stop 223 thereby enabling the eccentric topositively restore the feed hole punch to its normal retracted position.

In order to control the start-stop operations of shaft 220, a well knowntype of magnetically controll:d, one-revolution clutch means isprovided, such as the one disclosed in Patent 2,206,646. Accordingly,only a brief description will be given herein. This clutch meanscomprises an annular member 290 (Figs. 5 and 8) which is secured toshaft 220. A slidable and spring urged clutch dog 29| is disposed in asuitable transverse channel formed in the annular member 290, and thedog is provided-with a single tooth 292. A dog operating lever 293 ispivotally mounted in the annular member 290 and is disposed in asuitable transverse channel formed in th; dog 29|. The free end of thedog operating lever 293 extends beyond the periphery of the annularmember 296 and normally engages a stop lug 294 formed on the lever 295secured to stub shaft 295a. Lever295 is urged counterclockwise by aspring (Fig. 8) 296 so that the stop 294 normally is held in the path ofthe lever 293. When the parts of the clutch are in this position, thestop lug 294 and lever 293 are effective to hold the dog 29| out ofengagement with the interval teeth 29111 of a ratchet wheel 291 securedtolthe shaft 298 aligned with shaft 226.

Secured to or forming part of the lever 295 (Fig. 8) is an armature 299cooperating with a. clutch magnet PCM. Momentary energization of punchclutch magnet PCM withdraws the stop lug 294 of lever 295 out of thepath of the dog operating lever 293, thereby releasing the latter andenabling the spring voperating dog 29| to move the latter so that itstooth 292 engages the teeth 291a of ratchet wheel 291. Shaft 298 i1constantly rotated by means of the punch motor PM through a suitableworm drive 392.

Upon completion of each cycle of rotation of shaft 220, the dogoperating lever 293 reengages the stop 294 to disconnect the tooth 292of the dog member from the continually rotating ratchet wheel 291, thuspreventing further rotation of this shaft.

Means are provided for locking the clutch in starting position andcomprises a spring-urged back-lash dog comprising an arm 303 (Fig. 8)loose on shaft 295a and urged by a spring 393er into cooperation with asuitable notch 304 formed in a cam 305 xed to shaft 22|). The lever 295is provided with a rotatabiy adustable stop stud 3631 extending into theplane of the back-lash dog 303.

When the punch clutch magnet PCM is energized to release the clutch dog29| as described above and the ratchet 291 is coupled for drivingpurposes to the shaft 220, the cam 305 rotates 15 clockwise andsllghtlyrocks the back-lash dos '303 in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 8)into engagement with stud 303D which in the meantime will have beenmoved slightly clockwise to meet the dog 393 due to the energization ofmagnet PCM. After the shaft 220 has rotated ap-4 nroxlmately one-thirdof a revolution, the high point of the cam 345 starts to rock the dog303 and also the lever 395 clockwise a further extent to force the stoplug 294 into the path of the end of lever 293 in which position the lug294 remains until the end oi' the cycle at which time the lever 293 willbe rotated to withdraw the tooth 292 from engagement with ratchet 291.At about the time the tooth is fully disengaged, the end of pawl 303will snap back into the notch 304 and prevent backward rotation of theshaft 220. The back-lash pawl 303 and the lug 204 cooperate in theposition of Fig. 8 to prevent rotation of the shaft 220 in eitherdirection. Thus the shaft 220 is always started and stopped at adefinite position.

A pivoted bail 312 (Fig. 6) is provided which is common to the arms 221eof latch levers 221 and includes the arms 313 pivotally mounted on stud314. One of the arms 313 is provided with an extension 315 carrying aroller 316 of insulating material engaging one of a pair of contacts BC.When any latch lever 221 is released, the bail is rotated in aAcounterclockwise direction to close the contacts BC.

The perforating mechanism is equipped with certain cam operated contactswhich are designated CI to C4 in Figs. 5, 7. 17. and 14A. The contactsC1 and C2 areof the type known as transfer contacts and are operated bya common cam 309a (Figs. .and 7) which is timed to close the contacts C2and open the contacts CI at approximately 30 in the punch cycle and toreclose the contacts CI and reopen contacts C2 at about 285 of the punchcycle. The contacts C3 are operated by a cam 309b and are timed to closeat approximately of each cycle and open at about 175. The contacts C4are operated by a cam 299a on shaft 298 and are closed momentarily oncefor each revolution of the shaft 298 which. it will be recalled, rotatescontinually.

Safety contacts are provided which are controued both by failure of thetape to feed to the punch station and by excessive tension in the tape.A contact operating arm 318 is secured to a shaft 319 (Figs. 5 and 6)journaled in plates 215 and 221, which arm is constantly urged in acounterclockwise direction (Fig. 6) by one of the spring blades of feedinterlock contacts FIC. Also secured to shaft 319 is a lever 320 havingthe oppositely directed pins 321. The lever 259 is pivotally mounted onshaft 319 and' its lug 258a, which normally rides on the tape T,prevents actuation of the lever 258 against one.of the pins 321 bythespring 258D. However, upon exhaustion of the tape, the lever 258 isrotated sufficiently in a clockwise direction by spring 258b to engageand partially rotate the lever 320 thereby operating arm 318 to open thecontacts FIC. A tape tension arm 322 carrying the roller 259 is alsorotatably mounted on shaft 3 I 9, which arm 318 is urged in acounterclockwise direction by spring 324.

In the event the tape T becomes too taut, its tension is eifective tocause the arm 322 to be partially rotated in a clockwise direction (Fig.6) to engage the left-hand pin 321 on the lever 320, rotating the latterand operating arm 319 to open the feed interlock contacts FIC. The

. that purpose.

purpose of these contacts will be clear as the description progresses.

The operation of the machine as a whole will now be described withreference to the wiring diagram (Figs. 14A and 14B).

It will be assumed that the tape T has been inserted in the perforatingmechanism as described above, 4that a work sheet has been insertedaround the platen'oi' the typewriter and that the carriage is instarting position ready to type the first line of the preliminary copyof the material which is to be `subsequently automatically justified inthe machine provided for This machine is disclosed in a copendingapplication, Serial No. 636,525, tiled December 21, 1945, by Ronald D.Dodge. The switches SI, S2 are closed thereby starting the typewritermotor TM and the punch motor PM, placing the system inreadiness fortyping the first line and punching the iirst section of tapecorresponding to the first line. It will also be assumed that themachine is equipped with a suitable justification indicator, such as,for example, the one disclosed in Patent 2,217,160 and that when thescale reads zero the wiper blade 83 (Fig. 15) will rest on the 21st orextreme righthand contact element 82 (Fig. 15). The wiper 83 will assumevarious positions in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 15) according tothe extent the line is short. and the number of holes punched in thetape T to indicate the shortage of the line as described hereinafterwill depend upon the position of the wiper 83 in a counterclockwisedirection in relation to the contact 82 marked 21.

The first step which the operator takes before actually writing thefirst line is to depress the starting key SK (Fig. 14A) which will closecontacts lSKC and establish a circuit from the positive direct currentline wire W10 leading from the rectifier R (Fig. 14B), the contacts SKC(Fig. 14A), thence over the wire W3 and through the coil of relay RI, tothe negative line wire W9. The relay R1 closes the contacts RIA to RIC(Fig. 14B).

The relay R6 now will be energized in parallel with the relay R1 by theclosure of the contacts RIA (Fig. 14B) over the wire W28 to line wireW9. Relay R6 thereupon closes its contacts R6A to RBD. The closure ofcontacts RIB, RSD establishes a circuit from the line wire W10 (Fig.14B), through the contacts RIB and wire W29, through the coil of relayR8 and contacts RSD, to line wire W9. Relay R9 is energized by a circuitfrom line wire W10 (Fig. 14B), contacts RBD, wire WI I, and coil ofrelay R9, to line wire W9, and opens contacts RBA. The closure of thecontacts RBB (Fig. 14B) completes a circuit from the line wire W10,through the contacts RGB to wire W15, the feed interlock contacts FIC(Fig. 14A), and the clutch magnet PCM, to line wire W9. The energizationof the clutch magnet PCM starts a cycle of the perforating mechanismexplained above. On account of the method of operating the central punchwhich makes the feed perforations, this punch will be operative to puncha feed hole 202 in the tape and the tape T will be advanced one step.

During the cycle in which the first tape feed perforation is made. thecontacts C3 close and connect wire W11 to wire W16. This enables abranch circuit to be established from line wire W10 (Fig. 14B), throughthe contacts RGB, contacts C3, and line wire W11, W16; and through thecoil of stepping relay SR2, to line wire W9. The energization of thecoil SR2 causes the stepping relay to be advanced one step. The Vfirststep of movement of the relay SR2 causes the cam III (Fig. 14B) toclosethe contacts SRCI. This establishes a holding circuit for the relayR9 which extends from line wire WIB (Fig. 14B), through the contactsSRCI, wire W21, contacts RBA, and relay R6, to line wire W9. 'I'hecontacts RBB are thus kept closed with the result that the perforatingmechanism continues to operate as long as relay R6 is held energized.This in turn causes the relay SR2 to receive a succession of pulses, astraced above, one for each operating cycle of the perforating mechanismduring which a feed perforation is punched.

Thus, the wiper III of the relay SR2 .will be progressively advanced onestep for each feed perforation 202 until eventually the wiper II3yarrives at the contacts II1 numbered 22 in Fig. 14B. This closesl acircuit from the line wire WIB, (Figf 14B), the wiper II3, the 22ndcontact element I I1 of the stepping relay, wire W2I, and the punchmagnet PM4 (Fig. 14A), to the line wire W9. Thus, after the wiper H3engages the 22nd contact I I1, a hole will be perforated in the tape inthe 4 position as shown at the left (Fig. 19) which, with reference toFig. 16, it will be seen corresponds to a carriage return operation.

So far the perforating mechanism has punched a succession of 23 feedperforations in the tape followed by the 24th feed perforationaccompanied by a carriage return perforation. During the cycle in whichthe 24th feed perforation and the carriage return perforation is made,the contacts C3 close a circuit to the stepping relay SRI as before andsteps the wiperv I I3to the 24th contact II1 of the stepping relay.After the carriage return perforation and the 24th feed perforationcorresponding thereto are punched in the tape T, the relay RB remainsenergized, being held through the contacts SRCI, whereby the relay SR2continues to receive impulses from the contacts C3, a further successionof feed perforations being made in the tape until relay SR2 has advancedto the zero position.

When the wiper II3 reaches the 26th contact II1, a circuit isestablished from the line wire WIB (Fig. 14B), through the wiper I I3,wire WH, and carriage return solenoid CRS, to line wire W9, therebyinitiating a carriage return operation which will cause the carriage tobe returned in the event that the operator has failed to do this as apreliminary to starting operations. The contacts CRCI, CRC2 close but,owing to the fact that relay R9 is still energized holding contacts RSAopen, no circuit can be established through the contacts CRC2 to thepunch magnet PM3 and the perforating of a line space code representationis thus prevented.

During each cycle of operation of the perforating mechanism, thecontacts CI open and C2 close to energize the relay PRI across the linewires W9, WIB thereby closing the contacts RIA and establishing aholding circuit for the relay PRI traced from line wire WIB (Fig. 14A),the contacts CRCI, wire WIB, contacts PRIA, and coil PRI, to line wireW9. This circuit is held `until the carriage return mechanism hascornpleted its cycle of'operations reopening contacts CRCI, CRC2.

At the same time the wiper II3 moves onto the I zero contact II1, thecontacts SRCI (Fig. 14B) open and deenergize the relay R6. The openingof the contacts RBB doenergizes magnet PCM and 18 prevents furtherenergization of the stepping relay SRI by means of the contacts C3 andthe perforating mechanism stops. L

While the relay SR2 is being advanced as just described, the relay SRIwill also be advanced provided it has not been restored to the zero orstarting position. The circuit for relay SRI extends in parallel withrelay SR2 from line wire WIB, through the contacts R1A, and the coil ofrelay SRI, to line wire W9. If the stepping relay SRI is standing atzero, in which position contacts SRC3 are open, the relay R1 will be indeenergized condition when the key SK is operated. If the relay SRI isnot in zero position, the contacts SRC: will be closed and this allowsthe -closure of contacts RBD to energize the relay R1 and close contactsR1A. The circuit for relay R1 extends from line wire WIB (Fig. 14B)through contacts SRC3, wire W28, the coil of relay R1, and contacts RBD.to line wire W9. However, when the relay SRI reaches zero position, thecontacts SRC3 open and, by deenergizing relay R1, interrupts the circuitwhich pulses relay SRI. Since the cam IIIa of relay SRI has its dwellsat fifteen-tooth intervals, only fourteen steps of movement at the mostare required to restore the relay SRI to zero. The relay SR2 also alwayswill be actuated forwardly to zero, notwithstanding the fact that it maynot be in zero position when the key SK is depressed. The relay RI iskept energized in parallel with relay R6 by the joint cooperation of thecontacts RBA and RIA; consequently, relay RI is deenergized at the sametime as relay R6.

The machine is now in readiness to type the flrst line of thepreliminary draft and concurrently therewith perforates the tape T torepresent the characters and spaces involved in writing the line. Mostcommonly the first line will be indented .for which purpose thethree-unit space bar SB2 will be used and each time this space bar isoperated, the tape will be perforated with code representationidentified in Fig. 16 at the left as 3 unit SP. The typewriter carriagewill be spaced in multiples of three units according to the degree ofindentation desired as determined by the number of times the spacebarfSBZ is operated. The mechanism, by means of which the variablespacing mechanism of the typewriter is operated to produce three unitsof spacing per space bar operation', has already been described aboveand need not be repeated at this point. It remains, however, to tracethe circuits which are closed upon depression of the space bar SB2 toselect those punch magnets which punch the three-unit space code,consisting o'f perforations in the 1 and 2 positions on the tape (Fig.16)

These circuits are closed when the operation of the three-unit space camunit shifts the permutation bars to close the contacts PCI, PC2. 'I'heclosure of the contacts PCI, PC2 occurs concurrently with the closure ofthe contacts CC and establishes circuits through the punch magnets PMI,PM2. The first circuit to be traced is the circuit to the punch magnetPMI which is controlled by the punch contacts PCI. This circuit startsfrom the line wire WIB (Fig. 14A) and passes through contacts CI, whichare closed when the perforating mechanism is stopped; the contacts PRIB,the wire WI1, contacts RSA (Fig. 14B), wire WI8, the common contacts CC(Fig. 14A), permutation contacts PCI, wire W24, and punch magnet PMI, toline wire W9. A similar circuit over wires WI1, WI8, W23 is establishedby the contacts PC2.l The concurrent energiz'a- 19 tion of the magnetsPMI and PM2 will cause the bail contacts BC to close in the mannerdescribed `above and established a circuit from the wire WIIl throughthe contacts CI, PRIB, contacts BC, FIC, and magnet PCM, to line wireW9. The energization of the clutch magnet PCM causes a cycle of theperforating mechanism to punch holes in the 1 and 2 positions on thetape T and the punch will stop. This will be repeated as many times asthe three-unit space bar is operated. It will be assumed that threeunits are suiilcient indentation; consequently, Fig. 19

shows only a single three-unit code combination at the left, just to theright of the first carriage return hole.

'I'he next operation is to shift the type basket to the upper caseposition and punch a shift code representation prior to the operation ofa character key to print the initial letter of the first line. The shiftkey 54 is depressed thereby rendering the cam unit 53 operative toactuate the type basket to upper case position at the same time thelever Il is actuated and causes the permutation bars 66 corresponding tothe 3, 4'," 5, and 6 positions of the tape to close the contacts Pc3,PC4, PCS, and PCS.

The closure of the foregoing contacts establlshes circuits through themagnets PM3 to kPMIi in exactly the same fashion as described above withrespect to the punching of the three-unit space code, al1 of the magnetsbeing energized in parallel through the contacts CI, PRIB, and PC3 toPCS. This causes another operation of the perforating mechanism byenergizing the clutch magnet PCM through the closure of the bailcontacts BC, as before with the result that the tape is punched with thecode representation 3456.

The cam unit restores after shifting the type basket but the key 54 isheld depressed by the typist. When the cam unit 53 restores, the lever1I is restored and, in consequence of the tension created in the spring'l2 by the shifting of the type basket 20, the lever 1I is snapped tothe left (Fig. 4) to place the lug 'IIa in register with the permutationbars corresponding to code positions 2, 3, 4, and 6. While still holdingthe shift key depressed, the operator next depresses the desiredcharacter key 21 (T, Fig. 19) for the initial letter of the rst word.The depression of this key will cause the cam unit 29 associated withthat key to print the desired character, select the desired spacing ofthe carriage through the variable spacing mechanism, and, finally closethe desired ones of the contacts PCI to PCS and select magnets PMI toPMS according to the code representations of the first characterprinted.

The shift key 54 is now released, allowing the cam unit 53 to operate asecond time in the well known way, thereby actuating the lever 'II andshifting the permutation bars 66 to close the contacts PC2, PCB, PC4,and PCS. At the same time, the type basket 20 is shifted back to thelower case position in a well known way. The operation of the contactsPC2, PCS, PC4, and PCB energizes the corresponding magnets PM2, PMS,PM4, and PMB, and causes the bail contacts BC to close and initiateanother cycle of the punching mechanism to punch the coderepresentations 2, 3, 4, and 6 in the tape T. The tracing of thecircuits for the punch magnets selected is the saine as above for themagnets PMI, PM2.

The operator now proceeds to type the remainlng characters of the firstword, which of course, will cause the perforating mechanis mto functionin the same way as before, to punch the desired code representations ofthe characters on successive portions of the tape T. After all of thecharacters of the first word have been typed and punched in the tape. itis necessary to enect a spacing operation prior to writing the next workor character. For spacing between words, the operator uses the two-unitspace bar SBI which has two separate eiects. The rst of these effects isthe punching of the two-unit space code representation consisting of asingle hole in the 6 position of the tape over a circuit which is tracedsimilarly to those for the other punch magnets. The second eiect ofthe'depression of the space bar is to cause the stepping relay SRI toadvance the cams Illa, II2a one unit. The xrlianner in which this isdone will now be made c ear.

The operation of the cam unit I 25 associated with the two-unit spacebar SBI causes the word space contacts WSCI, WSC2 (Figs. 1 and 14A), toclose and the carriage will be spaced two units. The closure of thecontacts WSCI establishes a circuit as follows: line wire W9, the coilof the relay SRI (Fig. 14B), wire W6, contacts WSCI (Fig. 14A), linewire W'I, and contacts SRC4 (Fig. 14B), to line wire WIIl. This causesthe relay SRI to advance one step thereby closing the contacts SRC3.The-first step of movement of the relay SR2 causes the contacts SRC4 toopen. The circuit through coil SRI is broken immediately upon therestoration of the cam unit I25 associated with the two-unit word spacebar SBI, with the result that, for each operation of the two-unit spacebar, the relay SRI is advanced one unit.

The operator finishes writing the line during which the machinefunctions to punch the tape with representations of either thecharacters or spaces, as the case may be, until the last character inthe line is typed, the operator making sure that the last character istyped within the zone of 2l units of spacing to the left of therighthand marginal point on the work sheet. As the carriage moves intothis zone the wiper 83 will be rotated an extent proportional to theencroachment of the end of the line into the justifying zone, as it maybe called. The machine is now ready to punch the holes in the tape whichdetermine the amount of justification when the tape subsequently is usedin the automatic justiersystem.

The relay SRI has a capacity of fourteen word spaces and the tape willbe perforated with one perforation in the 5" position of the tape T foreach tooth space the relay SRI must be advanced from its stoppingposition at the termination of writing a line to bring the relay back tothe zero position. Also a hole will be punched in the 2 position of thetape T for each of the number of steps which the relay SR2 must beadvanced to bring the wiper II3 into coincidence with the setting of thewiper 83. For example, if the type line terminates with the wiper 83resting on the 4th contact 82 (Figs. 14B and 15), the relay SR2 must bestepped forward four tooth spaces and, for each of these steps of thewiper II3, a hole will be punched in the 2 position of the tape T.

In order to cause the foregoing perforations to be punched in the tape,the justification key JK is depressed, after typing the last characterof a line, closing a circuit as follows: line wire WI Il, contacts JKC(Fig. 14A), wire W8, and relay RSP (Fig. 14B) to line wire W9. The relayR5P-'R5H closes its contacts RSA and establishes

